GERMAN HISTORY ON THE WEB

General Sites

German History Sources: This site offers primary documents translated into English and covers from the 18th century to the present.

H-German Home Page: The best part of this site is the portion devoted to various review articles on German history books. Yet, there is much more to find on German culture and history, including some useful primary documents.

Austria: Rather than dispersing Austrian themes throughout this page, I thought I would provide one general site devoted to Austrian history and culture. Here it is. The University of Kansas has done an excellent job in gathering materials for a first-rate mapping out of Austrian history.

Mark Twain - That Awful German Language: I was unsure where to stick this article, but it was something I did not want to leave out. For those of us who have studied German, Mark Twain's comments give comfort. It eases one's mind to know that other adults have suffered mightily when learning the peculiarities of that awful German language.

Database Articles for UMUC students

UMUC web databases: The scholarly articles listed below can be found on the UMUC Virtual Library site. Once you are logged on you will have to link to the appropriate database. You will notice that I've included the database name at the end of each article. When the database page opens, click onto the correct letter (Example: "J" for JSTOR) and then type in the author's name or article title into the database search engine.

Applegate, Celia "What Is German Music? Reflections on the Role of Art in the Creation of the Nation" (JSTOR) Music

 

Berger, Stefen. "Historians and Nation-Building in Germany after Reunification" (JSTOR)

 

Berlin, Art Life and Organization. 1806-1918 (Grove Dictionary of Art Online) Art

 

Breuilly, John. "Nation and Nationalism in Modern German History" (JSTOR)

Geuss, Raymond. "Kultur, Bildung, Geist" (JSTOR)

 

Heuser, Beatrice. "Museums, Identity and Warring Historians - Observations on History in Germany" (JSTOR)

 

Kaelbe, Hartmut. "Social Mobility in Germany, 1900-1960" (JSTOR)

 

Puhle, Hans-Jurgen. "Conservatism in Modern German History" (JSTOR)

 

Ritter, Harry. "From Habsburg to Hitler to Haider: The Peculiarities of Austrian History" (JSTOR)

 

Seeba, Hinrich C. "Trostgründe: cultural nationalism and historical legitimation in nineteenth-century German literary histories." (Expanded Academic ASAP) Literature & History

 

 

Napoleonic Era through theVormärz - German Life & Culture in the early 19th Century

"Germaness" and Political & Religious Disunity before 1800: Colby College's Raffael Scheck discusses factors that kept Germany disunited despite the appearance of German cultural consciousness.

Germany & the French Revolution: Professor Gerhard Rempel (Western New England College) presents an overview of German reaction to France's era of revolution.

Caspar David Friedrich: It is difficult to find a larger collection of online Friedrich paintings. A list of related books is also included.

German Lieder: One of the musical forms in which German Romantic composers excelled was the Song, or Lied. This site gives an explanation of German Lieder, but it also offers valuable links to Romantic composers such as Beethoven and Schubert.

Nineteenth Century German Stories: Short stories by Goethe, Kleist, Hoffmann, Novalis, Schiller, The Brothers Grimm, and others are found here in both German and English translation.

Novalis: A brief biography is offered on early Romanticist, Novalis (Georg Friedrich Philipp von Hardenburg ). Although Novalis did not have a long life, his poetry and essays had a tremendous impact on German Romantic thought.

ETA Hoffmann: This painter, composer, and writer is often seen as an important figure within the German Romantic movement. While his compositions and art work are largely forgotten, his horror and fantasy short stories are still highly regarded.

The Biedermeier Era. Who Was Biedermeier?: This article looks as if it was written by a student, but it nonetheless provides a useful description of Biedermeier furniture and style.

The German States in 1820: It is often difficult to find good maps of early 19th century Central Europe. This link helps eliminate that problem. The color map shows Prussian dominance over the other German states.

Database Articles for UMUC students

Anderson, Eugene N. "German Romanticism as an Ideology of Cultural Crisis" (JSTOR)

 

Barry, David. "Faustian Pursuits: The Political-Cultural Dimension of Goethe's Weltliteratur and the Tragedy of Translation" (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Berdahl, Robert M. "New Thoughts on German Nationalism" (JSTOR)

 

Blanning, Tim. "Napoleon and German Identity: how Napoleon laid up trouble for future generations of Frenchmen by kick-starting Prussian and German domination of Eastern Europe" (History Resource Center: Modern World)

 

Blanning, T.C.W. "The French Revolution and the Modernization of Germany" (MasterFile Premier)

 

Blankenagel, John C. The Dominant Characteristics of German Romanticism (JSTOR).

 

Buechner, Georg. - author - (Literature Resource Center)Literature

 

Burke, Kathleen. "From the bookish brothers Grimm, a flood of fantasy: but the fairy-tale collection that brought them fame was only the first of their best-selling bequests to Western culture." (Expanded Academic ASAP) Literature & Popular Culture

 

Clark, Christopher. "The Wars of Liberation in Prussian Memory: Reflections on the Memorialization of War in Early Nineteenth-Century Germany" (JSTOR)

 

Collins, Randall. "A Micro-Macro Theory of Intellectual Creativity: The Case of German Idealist Philosophy" (JSTOR) Philosophy and Sociology

 

Friedrich, Caspar David - artist (Grove Dictionary of Art Online) Art

 

Hagemann, Karen. "Of 'Manley Valor' and 'German Honor': Nation, War, and Masculinity in the Age of the Prussian Uprising Against Napoleon" (Academic Search Premier)

 

Heine, Heinrich. - author - (Literature Resource Center)Literature

 

Kuzniar, Alice. "The Vanishing Canvas: Notes on German Romantic Landscape Aesthetics" (JSTOR) Art

 

Linker, Damon. "From Kant to Schelling: Counter-enlightenment in the name of Reason" (Expanded Academic ASAP) History and Philosophy

 

Linker, Damon. "The Reluctant Pluralism of J.G. Herder" (Expanded Academic ASAP) History and Philosophy

 

Norman, Judith. "The Logic of Longing: Schelling's Philosophy of Will" (Academic Search Premier) Philosophy

 

Peters, Paul. "Ergriffenheit and Kritik: or, Decolonizing Heine" (Academic Search Premier)

 

Pfau, Thomas. "Immediacy and the Text: Friedrich Schliermacher's Theory of Style and Interpretation (JSTOR) History and Philosophy

 

Pau, Thomas. "Conjuring History: Lyric Cliche, Conservative Fantasy, and Traumatic Awakening in German Romanticism" (Project Muse)

 

Prager, Brad. "Kant in Caspar David Friedrich’s Frames" (Academic Search Premier) Art

 

Samson, Jim "Romanticism" (Grove Dictionary of Music Online) Music

 

Sorkin, David. "Wilhelm Von Humboldt: The Theory and Practice of Self-Formation (Bildung), 1791-1810" (JSTOR)

 

Sweet, Paul R. "Sir Isaiah Berlin, Fichte, and German Romanticism" (JSTOR)

 

Tatar, Maria M. "E.T.A. Hoffman's 'Der Sandmann": Reflections and Romantic Irony" (JSTOR) Literature

 

Wood, David "Afterword on Novalis" (Academic Search Premier) Literature, Philosophy

 

 

Revolution and Unification: 1848-1871

The German 1848 Revolution: This page presents the 1848 revolution from a German Perspective. If you wish to see a first-rate site devoted to a single topic, this is the site to visit.

Road to Unification: Raffael Scheck of Colby College outlines Germany's 19th century drive towards unification. There are some interesting observations to be found here.

The German Unification Era: This narrative is broken down into brief chapters and gives the reader a worthwhile introduction to the themes and factors that helped lead to Germany's unification.

Primary Documents from the Unification Period (1848-1871): Short excerpts are provided from speeches and letters of those who played a role in unifying Germany.

Short Bismarck Biography: This short biography is presented by the German News in English.

Database Articles for UMUC students

Austensen, Roy A. "Austria and the "Struggle for Supremacy in Germany," 1848-1864" (JSTOR)

 

De Mesquita, Bruce Bueno. "Pride of Place: The Origins of German Hegemony" (JSTOR)

 

Birken, Lawrence. "Volkish Nationalism in Perspective" (JSTOR)

 

Breuilly, John. "The German National Question and 1848" (History Resource Center: Modern World)

 

Elrod, Richard B. "Bernhard von Rechberg and the Metternichian Tradition: The Dilemma of Conservative Statecraft" (JSTOR)

 

Gailus, Manfred. "Food Riots in Germany in the Late 1840s" (JSTOR)

 

Menzel, Adolph - artist (Grove Dictionary of Online Art) Art

 

Miller, Louis. "Between Kulturnation and Nationalstaat: The German Liberal Professoriate, 1848-1870" (JSTOR)

 

Paret, Peter. "The German Revolution of 1848 and Rethel's Dance of Death" Art

 

Schmitt, Hans A. "From Sovereign States to Prussian Provinces: Hanover and Hesse-Nassau, 1866-1871" (JSTOR)

 

 

The Kaiserreich (1871)

Modernizing Germany: Historian Jay M Winter gives a very short (and excellent) description of the impact industrialization had on Germany.

Recommended Readings from the Kaiserreich (1871-1918): This list of books and articles is regarded as important secondary sources to most historians of modern Germany. The newest book was published in 1996, so the list should be updated. Nonetheless, the materials are suitable for undergraduates.

Primary Documents from the Kaiserreich (1871-1918): This is an H-German Archive of German Documents in English Translation. Contributions come from German leaders such as Bismarck, Ludendorff, Moltke and a very young Adolf Hitler.

Database Articles for UMUC students

Anderson, Margaret Lavinia. "Voter, Junker, Landrat, Priest: The Old Authorities and the New Franchise in Imperial Germany." (JSTOR)

 

Anderson, Margaret Lavinia and Kenneth Barkin. "The Myth of the Puttkamer Purge and the Reality of the Kulturkampf: Some Reflections on the Historiiography of Imperial Germany" (JSTOR)

 

Barkin, Kenneth. "Bismarck in a Postmodern World" (JSTOR)

 

Die Brücke (see also Expressionism) (Grove Dictionary of Art) Art

 

Cerf, Steven R. "Too Grimm for Words" (Expanded Academic ASAP) Music

 

Dickinson, Edward Ross. "Reflections on Feminism and Monism in the Kaiserreich, 1900–1913" (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Dovring, Folke. "European Reactions to the Homestead Act." (JSTOR)

 

Fontane, Theodor. - author - (Literature Resource Center)Literature

 

Frevert, Ute. "Professional Medicine and the Working Classes in Imperial Germany" (JSTOR)

 

Garrett, Leah. "Sabotaging the Text: Tannhauser in the Works of Heine, Wagner, Herzl, and Peretz." (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Glovka, Elaine Spencer. "Rulers of the Ruhr: Leadership and Authority in German Big Business before 1914." (JSTOR)

 

Hauptmann, Gerhart. - author - (Literature Resource Center)Literature

 

Harris, Chauncy D. "The Ruhr Coal-Mining District." (JSTOR)

 

Holburn, Hajo. "Bismarck's Realpolitik (JSTOR)

 

Jarausch, Konrad H. "Liberal Education as Illiberal Socialization: The Case of Students in Imperial Germany" (JSTOR)

 

John, Michael. "The Peculiarities of the German State: Bourgeois Law and Society in the Imperial Era" (JSTOR)

 

Kennedy, Katharine D. "Regionalism and Nationalism in South German History Lessons, 1871-1914" (JSTOR)

 

Klimt, Gustav - artist (Grove Dictionary of Art) Art

 

Kocka, Jurgen. "Capitalism and Bureaucracy in German Industrialization before 1914" (JSTOR)

 

Kokoschka, Oscar - artist (Grove Dictionary of Art) Art

 

Kollwitz, Käthe. - artist - (Grove Dictionary of Art) Art

 

Kornberg, Jacques. "Vienna, the 1890's: Jews in the Eyes of Their Defenders" (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Lenman, Peter. "Painters, Patronage and the Art Market in Germany 1850-1914" Art

 

Levesque, Paul. "'Jahrhundertwende, Fin de Siécle,' Wilhelminian Era: Re-Examining German Literary Culture 1871-1918" (JSTOR) Literature

 

Liebermann, Max - artist (Grove Dictionary of Art) Art

 

Lorenz, Chris. "Beyond Good and Evil? The German Empire of 1871 and Modern German Historiography" (JSTOR)

 

Moltmann, Günter. "Migrations From Germany to North America: New Prospectives." (JSTOR)

 

Mommsen, Wolfgang J. "Kaiser Wilhelm II and German Politics" (JSTOR)

 

Mommsen, Wolfgang J. "Public Opinion and Foreign Policy in Wilhelmian Germany, 1897-1914" (MasterFile Premier)

 

Moorjani, Angela "Käthe Kollwitz on Sacrifice, Mourning, and Reparation: An Essay in Psychoaesthetics" (JSTOR) Art

 

Pflanze, Otto. "Bismarck and German Nationalism " (JSTOR)

 

Pflanze, Otto. "Bismarck's "Realpolitik" (JSTOR)

 

Pizer, John. " 'Last Austrians' in 'Turn of the Century' Works by Franz Grillparzer, Joseph Roth, and Alfred Kolleritsch" (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Poets - Stefan George/Hugo von Hoffmanstahl/Rainer Maria Rilke (Biography Resource Center) Literature

 

Schnitzler, Arthur. - author - (Literature Resource Center) Literature

 

Sine, Nadine "Cases of Mistaken Identity: Salome and Judith at the Turn of the Century" (JSTOR) Art

 

Smith, Jeffrey R. "The Monarchy versus the Nation: The "Festive Year" 1913 in Wilhelmine Germany" (JSTOR)

 

Stern, Fritz. "Gold and Iron: The Collaboration and Friendship of Gerson Bleichroder and Otto von Bismarck" (JSTOR)

 

Thompson, Alastair. "Honours Uneven: Decorations, the State and Bourgeois Society in Imperial Germany" (JSTOR)

 

Schneider, Jeffrey. "Masculinity, Male Friendship and the Paranoid Logic of Honor in Theodor Fontanes's' Effie Briest" (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Schiele, Egon - artist (Grove Dictionary of Art Online) Art

 

Secession "Grove Dictionary of Art" Art / Munich Secession "Grove Dictionary of Art Art

 

Smith, Helmut Walser. "The Learned and the Popular Discourse of Anti-Semitism in the Catholic Milieu of the Kaiserreich" (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Stapleton, F.G. "The Unpredictable Dynamo: Germany's Economy, 1870-1918" (History Resource Center: Modern World)

von Uhde, Fritz - artist "Grove Dictionary of Art" Art

 

Stark, Gary D. "Trials and Tribulations: Authors' Responses to Censorship in Imperial Germany, 1885-1914" (JSTOR) Literature

 

Wehler, Hans-Uhlrich. "Bismarck's Imperialism 1862-1890" (JSTOR)

 

Weikart, Richard. "The Origins of Social Darwinism in Germany, 1859-1895 (JSTOR)

 

Wheeler, Bret R. "Modernist Reenchantments I: From Liberalism to Aestheticized Politics" (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Wheeler, Bret R. "Modernist Reenchantments II: From Aestheticized Politics to the Artwork" (Academic Search Premier) Art

 

World War I (1914-1918)

Sarajevo, June 18, 1914: The assassination of Franz Ferdinand is recounted here. Not much is said about how the event tripped Europe into a World War, but the background and events of the assassination are well covered.

World War I Document Archive: There are plenty of primary documents found here, along with photos and brief biographies from the World War I era. The site was assembled by participants on the World War I Military History List and contains an abundance of non-German sources as well.

World War I - Trenches on the Web: More materials from the First World War, much of which extends beyond the German experience. Nevertheless, it is filled with information that gives readers a feel for the agony of 1914-1918. It has more photos than text, but it is still worthwhile.

German Troop Photos - WWI: This site offers numerous photographs of German soldiers during the course of the First World War.

Database Articles for UMUC students

Craig, Gordon A. "The World War I Alliance of the Central Powers in Retrospect: The Military Cohesion of the Alliance" (JSTOR)

 

Darby, Graham. "The Great War" (History Resource Center: Modern World)

 

Ferguson, Niall. "Public Finance and National Security: The Domestic Origins of the First World War Revisited" (JSTOR)

 

Glaeser, Ernst (Biography Resource Center) Literature

 

Haag, John. "Students at the University of Vienna in the First World War" (MasterFile Premier)

 

Healy, Maureen. "Becoming Austrian: Women, the State, and Citizenship in World War I." (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Herwig, Holger H. "Disjointed Allies: Coalition Warfare in Berlin and Vienna, 1914" (JSTOR)

 

Hewitson, Mark. "Germany and France before the First World War: A Reassessment of Wilhelmine Foreign Policy" (JSTOR)

 

Jarausch, Konrad H. "German Students in the First World War" (MasterFile Premier)

 

Kaiser, David E. "Germany and the Origins of the First World War" (JSTOR)

 

Kapp, Richard W. "Divided Loyalties: The German Reich and Austria-Hungary in Austro-German Discussions of War Aims, 1914-1916" (MasterFile Premier)

 

Kocka, Jurgen. "The First World War and the German 'Mittelstand': German Artisans and White-Collar Workers" (JSTOR)

 

Langdon, John W. "Emerging from Fischer's Shadow: Recent Examinations of the Crisis of July 1914" (JSTOR)

 

Remarque, Erich Maria - author (Literature Resource Center)Literature

 

Stone, Norman. "Moltke-Conrad: Relations between the Austro-Hungarian and German General Staffs, 1909-14" (JSTOR)

 

Tobin, Elizabeth H. "War and the Working Class: The Case of Dusseldorf 1914-1918" (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Van Evera, Stephen. "The Cult of the Offensive and the Origins of the First World War" (JSTOR)

 

Van Evera, Stephen. "Why Cooperation Failed in 1914" (JSTOR)

 

The Weimar Republic (1919-1933)

Weimar Republic: Provides plenty of articles, thoughts and statistics concerning the Weimar Republic and the rise of Nazism.

Art and Architecture during the Weimar Republic: Examples of work by Grosz, Gropius, Kollwitz, Kandinsky and others can be found here. One problem with the site is that it takes a long time to download. Too bad. There is a great deal of excellent material to be found here.

Der Blaue Reiter: Paintings by artists from the Blue Rider art movement are found here along with additional biographical articles. The site is in German but most of the linked biographies are in English.

Otto Dix: A biography of Dix is found here along with excerpts from interviews, critics' judgments, and additional information. Unfortunately, there are only a few examples of Dix's work, but overall the site is worth visiting.

Weimar Culture/Kafka's Prague: Intellectual historian Bruce Thompson outlines Weimar Germany's historical, cultural and literary traditions, and then fits Kafka's output into the context of the times.

International Brecht Society: The opening page states the site" is maintained as a service to scholars, critics, students, and theater people round the world who are interested in the works and thought of Brecht."

Cinema in Weimar Germany: Montana State University (Bozman) instructor Walter Metz details many of the characteristics of movie making during the Weimar period.

Weimar Voting: This is an excellent site that outlines the voting habits of Germans during the Republic. The information is detailed and even includes information on voting districts. You will need an up-to-date browser and modem for this site. Take a look first; the site requirements are explained on the opening page.

Germany in 1921: This map shows Germany's reduced borders after World War I. Other European countries are displayed as well.

The Weimar Period - Recommended Readings: H-German provides an excellent list of books pertaining to the Weimar era. The topics range from general history to economic, political, cultural, and social history.

Database Articles for UMUC students

Apel, Dora. "`Heroes' and `whores': The politics of gender in Weimar antiwar imagery." (Academic Search Premier) Art

 

Beckmann, Max - artist (Grove Dictionary of Art Online) Art

 

Berlin, Art Life and Organization. 1918-1944 (Grove Dictionary of Art Online) Art

 

Berman, Sheri "Civil Society and the Collapse of the Weimar Republic" (Project Muse)

 

Brecht, Bertolt. - author - (Literature Resource Center)Literature

 

Childers, Thomas. "The Social Bases of the National Socialist Vote" (JSTOR)

 

Childers, Thomas. "The Social Language of Politics in Germany: Discourse in the Weimar Republic (JSTOR)

 

Crockett, Dennis "The Most Famous Painting of the "Golden Twenties"? Otto Dix and the Trench Affair." (JSTOR)

 

Dix, Ott - artist (Grove Dictionary of Art Online) Art

 

Fink, Carole. "The Murder of Walter Rathenau" (History Resource Center: Modern World)

 

Gross, David. "Heinrich Mann and the Politics of Reaction" (JSTOR)

 

Grosz, Georg. - artist - (Grove Art Online) Art

 

Guenther, Peter W. "Novembergruppe." (Grove Art Online) Art

 

Jarausch, Konrad H. "The Crisis of German Professions 1918-33" (JSTOR)

 

Kater, Michael H. "The Revenge of the Fathers: The Demise of Modern Music at the End of the Weimar Republic" (JSTOR) Music

 

Kirchner, Ernst Ludwig - artist (Grove Art Online) Art

 

Lidtke, Vernon L. "Abstract Art and Left-Wing Politics in the Weimar Republic" (MasterFILE Premier) Art

 

Mack, Michael. "Film as memory: Siegfried Kracauer's psychological history of German 'National Culture'." (History Resource Center: Modern World) Film & Psychology

 

Mann, Heinrich. (Literature Resource Center) Literature

 

Mann, Thomas. (Literature Resource Center) Literature

 

McBride, Patrizia C. "On the Utility of Art for Politics: Musil's 'Armed Truce of Ideas' " (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Neue Sachlichkeit (Grove Dictionary of Art) Art

 

Patch,William L. Jr. "Class Prejudice and the Failure of the Weimar Republic" (JSTOR)

 

Roper, Katherine. "Looking for the German revolution in Weimar films" (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Rother, Rainer. "Germany's `Douaumont' (1931): Verdun and the depiction of World War I" (Academic Search Premier) Film

 

Rieuveni, Gideon. "The 'Crisis of the Book' and German Society after the First World War" (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Roper, Katherine. "Looking for the German revolution in Weimar films" (Academic Search Premier) Film

 

Saunders, Tom. "Politics, the Cinema, and Early Revisitations of War in Weimar Germany (Academic Search Premier) Film

 

Schlemmer, Oskar -artist (Grove Dictionary of Art) Art

 

 

Hitler's Reich

Fordham University's Modern Source Book: (Click the icon and scroll down to section "VII. The End of European Hegemony." From there click "Nazism and World War II.") There is plenty on Germany and other nations during the 1930s and 40s. It is also worthwhile to take a look at the rest of Fordham's history site. It covers much more than Germany and is well worth your time.

H-German's Subscribers Reading List for the Nazi Period: For those of you who wish to know more about Nazi Germany, this list provides books on the many facets of the Third Reich. These works are by leading scholars and are a welcome counterbalance to the usual weak offerings one finds on the Internet.

The History Place - The Rise of Adolf Hitler: Chronicles the career of Hitler in 24 chapters. This site is useful, but one can find better material in Jochim Fest's book, Hitler.

Nazi Art: This site contains both Nazi and Soviet art. Several examples of National Socialist paintings and sculptures can be found here.

Nazi Architecture: The National Socialist ideal in architecture is found here. Most of the examples are from Munich.

Alleged Degenerate Art: This site contains several examples of the kind of art that the Nazis condemned. Most of it was shown by the Nazis in exhibits entitled "Degenerate Art."

Speer's Berlin: This link shows the redesign of Berlin as envisioned by Hitler's architect, Albert Speer. Hitler admired the design and planned to create a new face of Berlin after the war was over. Needless to say, the final Berlin makeover never occurred. Be sure to click on the photograph for an enlargement.

Women in Germany: This website utilizes speeches from leading Nazis, eyewitness accounts, and some Nazi party materials to present the National Socialist program for women.

Third Reich in Ruins: These extremely interesting photographs show Nazi Berlin, Munich, Nuremberg, and other major German cities before the bombs obliterated the Reich landscape. There are also photos of Hitler's birthplace and childhood home.

Database Articles for UMUC students

Baldwin, Peter. "Social Interpretations of Nazism: Renewing a Tradition" (JSTOR)

 

Bartov, Omer. "An economy geared to war: Richard Overy argues that the lesson Hitler drew from 1914-18 was not that a major war should be avoided but that Germany should prepare more systematically so that, next time, she would win." (History Resource Center: Modern World)

 

Bartov, Omer. "Soldiers, Nazis, and War in the Third Reich" (JSTOR)

 

Bathrick, David. "Making a National Familiy with the Radio: The Nazi Wunschkonzert" (Project Muse)

 

Blaich, Roland. "Religion under National Socialism: The Case of the German Adventist Church" (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Boak, Helen L. "'Our Last Hope'; Women's Votes for Hitler: A Reappraisal" (JSTOR)

 

Childers, Thomas. "Who, Indeed, Did Vote for Hitler?" (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Connelly, John. "Nazis and Slavs: From Racial Theory to Racist Practice" (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Fritz, Stephen G. " 'We are Trying . . . to Change the Face of the World' - -Ideology and Motivation in the Wehrmacht on the Eastern Front: The View from Below" (JSTOR)

 

Fritzsche, Peter "Nazi Modern" (Project Muse)

 

Gellately, Robert. "Rethinking the Nazi Terror System: A Historiographical Analysis" (JSTOR)

 

Grady, Tim. "Academic antisemitism: The Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen and the Jews." (History Resource Center: Modern World)

 

Graf, Christoph. 'The Genesis of the Gestapo" (JSTOR)

 

Herbert, Ulrich. "Good Times, Bad Times; Life in the Third Reich" (Expanded Academic Index ASAP)

 

Heineman, Elizabeth D. "Whose Mothers? Generational Difference, War, and the Nazi Cult of Motherhood" (Project Muse)

 

Hermand, Jost. "All Power to the Women: Nazi Concepts of Matriarchy" (JSTOR)

 

Koch, H.W. Hitler's 'Programme' and the Genesis of Operation 'Barbarossa' " (JSTOR)

 

Koch, H.W. "Operation Barbarossa - The Current State of the Debate" (JSTOR)

 

Kocka, Jurgen. "Asymmetrical historical comparison: the case of the German Sonderweg" (WilsonSelectPlus)

 

Kocka, Jurgen. "German History before Hitler: The Debete about the German Sonderweg (JSTOR)

 

Koehl, Robert. "Stalinism and Nazism: Dictatorships in Comparison" (History Resource Center: Modern World)

 

Leck, Ralph. "Conservative Empowerment and the Gender of Nazism: Paradigms of Power and Complicity in German Women's History" (Project Muse)

 

Levi, Neil. " 'Judge for Yourselves!' - The Degenerate Art Exhibition as Political Spectacle" (Academic Search Premier)

 

Jelavich, Peter. "National Socialism, Art, and Power in the 1930s" (Expanded Academic ASAP)

 

Mommsen, Hans. "The German Resistance Against Hitler and the Restoration of Politics" (JSTOR)

 

Mosse, G.L. "The Mystical Origins of National Socialism" (JSTOR)

 

Noakes, Jeremy. "The Ivory Tower Under Siege: German Universities in the Third Reich" (History Resource Center: Modern World)

 

Reis, Hans. "Geisteswissenschaften in the Third Reich: Some Reflections." (Academic Search Premier)

 

Remmert, Volker R. "What's Nazi about Nazi Science? Recent Trends in the History of Science in Nazi Germany" (Project Muse)

 

Roberts, Geoffrey. "From non-aggression treaty to war: documenting Nazi-Soviet relations, 1939-1941" (History Resource Center: Modern World)

 

Showalter, Dennis E. "The Political Soldiers of Bismarck's Germany: Myths and Realities" (JSTOR)

 

Smith, Arthur L. Jr. "Life in Wartime Germany: Colonel Ohlendorf's Opinion Service" (JSTOR)

 

Tyaglyy, Mikhail I. "The Role of Antisemitic Doctrine in German Propaganda in the Crimea, 1941-1944" (Project Muse)

 

Van Riel, Arthur and Arthur Schram. "Weimar Economic Decline, Nazi Economic Recovery, and the Stabilization of Political Dictatorship" (JSTOR)

 

Welch, David. "Hitler's Films" (History Resource Center: Modern World) Film

 

Winston, Brian. "Triumph of the Will" (History Resource Center: Modern World) Film

 

 

The Holocaust

The Development of Modern Anti-Semitism: The overall theme of this site is to record the history of the Jews in Russia. The particular page I've marked gives a pretty good account of modern anti-Semitism in Europe.

Cybrary of the Holocaust: The Cybrary is a fairly good site taking up the issue of the Holocaust. It is organized around a "Research" section, where readers explore the issues of the Holocaust; and a "Forums" section, where discussion over the Holocaust is conducted.

Internet Jewish History Sourcebook: (Scroll down the table of contents and click on the materials concerning the Jewish experience in Nazi Germany.) Fordham University has done it again. This site not only covers the Holocaust but the entire Jewish experience, from biblical times to the present. Excellent.

Holocaust Denial and the Big Lie: This is an admirable source for those who encounter the argument that the Holocaust never occurred. One finds here both the claims made by the Deniers and cogent counter-arguments made to such naysayers.

The Nizkor Project: Nizkor means "we will remember," and this site contributes to this goal by focusing on aspects of the Holocaust along with evidence to counter Holocaust-denial.

Mt. Holyoke Holocaust Materials: Numerous documents and articles pertaining to the Holocaust are located here. Additional features include materials on the White Rose resistance group in Germany and the post-war Nuremberg trials.

Holocaust And Jewish Studies List: This page offers a large number of links to sites dealing with anti-Semitism and the Holocaust. The sources here are excellent, but it takes a great deal of time to explore the various links.

The Patrim Web Journal - Roma (Gypsies): This site covers the experience of the Gypsies during the Holocaust. Gypsies, like Jews, were sought out and exterminated by the Nazi regime.

Persecution of Homosexuals in the Third Reich: This page gives an overview of Nazi attitudes towards homosexuals. An account of persecution is also presented. Additional links on the topic are also offered.

Database Articles for UMUC students

Bartov, Omer. "Defining Enemies, Making Victims: Germans, Jews, and the Holocaust (JSTOR)

 

Bauer, Yehuda. "Genocide: Was It the Nazis' Original Plan?" (JSTOR)

 

Breitman, Richard. "Plans for the Final Solution in Early 1941" (JSTOR)

 

Browder, George C. "Perpetrator Character and Motivation: An Emerging Consensus?" (Project Muse)

 

Browning, Christopher R. "The Nazi Decision to Commit Mass Murder: Three Interpretations: The Euphoria of Victory and the Final Solution: Summer-Fall 1941" (JSTOR)

 

Browning, Christopher R. "Nazi Ghettoization Policy in Poland: 1939-41" (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Buscher, Frank M. and Michael Phayer. "German Catholic Bishops and the Holocaust, 1940-1952" (JSTOR)

 

Friedlander, Albert H. "Pius XII and the Jews" (Academic Search Premier)

 

Friedlander, Henry. "Step by Step: The Expansion of Murder, 1939-1941" (JSTOR)

Fritz, Stephen G. "Reflections on Antecedents of the Holocaust" (JSTOR)

 

Hagen, William W. "Before the "Final Solution": Toward a Comparative Analysis of Political Anti-Semitism in Interwar Germany and Poland" (JSTOR)

 

Housden, Martyn. "Population, Economics and Genocide: Aly and Heim versus All-Comers in the Interpretation of the Holocaust" (JSTOR)

 

Jensen, Erik N. "The Pink Triangle and Political Consciousness: Gays, Lesbians, and the Memory of Nazi Persecution" (Project Muse)

 

Jick, Leon A. "Method in Madness: An Examination of the Motivations for Nazi Mass Murder" (Project Muse)

 

Katz, Fred. "Implementation of the Holocaust: The Behavior of Nazi Officials" (JSTOR)

 

Kitchens, James H. "The Bombing of Auschwitz Re-Examined" (JSTOR)

 

Kitterman, David H. "Those Who Said "No!": Germans Who Refused to Execute Civilians during World War II" (JSTOR)

 

Marrus, Michael R. "Jewish Resistance to the Holocaust" (JSTOR)

 

Marrus, Michael R. "Jewish Leaders and the Holocaust" (JSTOR)

 

Marrus, Michael R. and Robert O. Paxton. "The Nazis and the Jews in Occupied Western Europe, 1940-1944" (JSTOR)

 

Medoff, Rafael. "New Perspectives on How America, and American Jewry, Responded to the Holocaust" (Project Muse)

 

Milton, Sybil. Gypsies and the Holocaust (JSTOR)

 

• See also Bauer, Yehuda & Sybil Milton. "Correspondence: "Gypsies and the Holocaust" (JSTOR)

 

Showalter, Dennis. "Theories of the Holocaust" (History Resource Center: Modern World)

 

Weiss-Wendt, Anton. "Extermination of the Gypsies in Estonia during World War II: Popular Images and Official Policies" (Project Muse)

 

 

Germany after 1945

A Concrete Curtain: This site provides a history and photographs of the Berlin Wall.

American Institute for Contemporary German Studies: Johns Hopkins University devotes its site to issues in contemporary Germany. This page is very thorough.

Mt. Holyoke site: Here is a good source with several articles relating to German economic and foreign affairs today.

German Newspapers, Magazines and News Sources: Click here to find articles and essays from German, Austrian and Swiss news agencies. Most are in German, but some are translated into English. The web page is in English.

German Unification - Assessments: Leiden University's Historical Institute presents a number of scholarly articles outlining the repercussions of Germany's reunification. For those wishing to have a clearer of understanding of Germany today, this is a site worth visiting.

Internationale Politik: This scholarly journal appears in English. You need Adobe to open up the PDF files.

Guenter Grass on the Web: Those who click onto this site will find a short biography of Grass along with additional links to the author's books and essays. Some of the links are in German.

German Art after 1945: The Art Museum of Bonn offers a few samples of post-war art, but more importantly presents the names of Germany's most important artists. The Grove Dictionary of Art Online can be used to learn more about these artists.

Links to German Film Directors: German directors from past and present are listed here, and additional website biographies and related materials give the site surfer access to Germany's greatest directors.

A German in America: Here is an interview with a German who first attended a German university and then later studied at an American university. The reader is exposed to only one viewpoint in the interview, but it is still interesting for Americans to read the impressions of a German.

Database Articles for UMUC students

Altenbourg, Gerhard - artist (Grove Art Online) Art

 

Anderson, Susan C. "Outsiders, Foreigners, and Aliens in Cinematic or Literary by Bohm, Dische, Dörrie and Ören" (Academic Search Premier) Literature and Film

 

Arnds, Peter. "On the Awful German Fairy Tale: Breaking Taboos in Representations of Nazi Euthanasia and the Holocaust in Günter Grass's Die Blechtrommel, Edgar Hilsenrath's Der Nazi & der Friseur, and Anselm Kiefer's Visual Art." (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Baselitz, Georg - artist (Grove Art Online) Art

 

Berlin, Art Life and Organization. 1945 & After (Grove Dictionary of Art Online) Art

 

Betz, Hans-Georg "Strange Love? How the Greens Began to Love NATO" (JSTOR)

 

Böll, Henrich (or Heinrich Boell). (Literature Resource Center)Literature

 

Brockman, Stephen. "Martin Walser and Presence of the German Past" (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Burtenshaw D. "Regional Renovation in the Saarland." (JSTOR)

 

Chase, Jefferson. "Shoa Business: Maxim Biller and the Problem of German-Jewish Literature" (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Glassheim, Eagle. "National Mythologies and Ethnic Cleansing: The Expulsion of Czechoslovak Germans in 1945" (MasterFILE Premier)

 

Eley, Geoff. "Nazism, Politics and the Image of the Past: Thoughts on the West German Historikerstreit 1986-1987" (JSTOR)

 

Elliott, Mark W. "Thomas Mann: Bible, Art and Salvation" (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Enssle, Manfred J. "Five Theses on German Everyday Life after World War II" (Academic Search Premier)

 

Federico, Joseph A. "The Political Philosophy of Friedrich Dürrenmatt" (JSTOR) Literature

 

Frankland, E. Gene. "Green Politics and Alternative Economics" (JSTOR)

 

Fritsch-Bournazel, Renata. "

German Unification: A Durability Test for the Franco-German Tandem" (JSTOR)

 

Gorner, Paul. "Heidegger's Phenomenology as Transcendental Philosophy" (Academic Search Premier) Philosophy

 

Grass, Gunter. (Literature Resource Center) Literature

 

Grimm, Reinhold. "The Travails of the Plains: On Some Consequences of German Unification" (JSTOR)

 

Hanrieder, Wolfram F. "The Foreign Policies of the Federal Republic of Germany, 1949-1989" (JSTOR)

 

Hellmann, Gunther. "Goodbye Bismarck? The Foreign Policy of Contemporary Germany" (JSTOR)

 

Herf, Jeffrey. "German Political Traditions and the Interpretation of Nazism, 1945-1946" (Academic Search Premier)

 

Heuser, Beatrice. "Museums, Identity and Warring Historians-Observations on History in Germany" (JSTOR)

 

INTRODUCTION. (German poetry and prose in 2002) (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Jarausch, Konrad H. "Removing the Nazi Stain? The Quarrel of the German Historians" (JSTOR)

 

Laufer, Peter. "Berlin: Searching for its New Identity" (History Resource Center)

 

Lincoln, Kenneth. "A haus divided: Post-wall Germany" (Academic Search Premier)

 

Mayer, Hartmut. "Early at the Beach and Claiming Territory? The Evolution of German Ideas on a New European Order" (JSTOR)

 

McVeigh, Joseph G. "Lifting the Paper Curtain: The Opening of Austrian Literary Culture to Germany after 1945" (JSTOR) Literature

 

Merter, Michael. "Helmut Kohl's Legacy for Germany (WilsonSelect Plus)

 

Mews, Siegfried. "Review Essay: Gunter Grass" (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Minkenberg, Michael. "The Wall after the Wall: On the Continuing Division of Germany and the Remaking of Political Culture" (JSTOR)

 

Naqvi, Fatima. "Dialectic at a Standstill: The Discourse of Victimhood in Thomas Bernhard's Heldenplatz." Literature

 

Nay, Ernst Wilhelm - artist (Grove Art Online) Art

 

Peebles, Waldo C. "Present-Day German Writers." (Academic Search Premier) Literature

 

Pike, David. "Cultural Politics in Soviet-Occupied Germany 1945-46" (JSTOR)

 

Richter, Gerhard -artist (Grove Art Online) Art

 

Ross, Alex. "GHOST SONATA. (Theodor Adorno and other German composers; state of German music)" (Expanded Academic ASAP)

 

Schroeder, Paul W. "Economic Integration and the European International System in the Era of World War I" (JSTOR)

 

Unseld, Siegfried. " 'Let us Begin': A Publisher's Remarks on German Literature in the 1980s." (PCI Full Text) Literature

 

von Moltke, Johannes. "Trapped in America: The Americanization of the Trapp-Familie, or "Papas Kino" Revisited" (JSTOR) Film

 

Wolf, Christa. - author - (Literature Resource Center) Literature