Outline 9: Nationalism and Jackson

  
  1. War of 1812 - nationalism

- Nationalism in the West		  
     
  2. Tariffs and Internal Improvements

Tariff of 1816: primarily protective

Henry Clay's American System:

-protective tariff, aid Eastern manufacturing, provide funds for roads and canals		  
     
  3. Era of Good Feelings

Acute issues

  • the tariff,
  • the Bank,
  • internal improvements
  • and the sale of public lands

Panic of 1819: deflation, depression, bankruptcies, bank failures, unemployment,

Factors: over speculation in frontier lands

Sectionalist debates:

Missouri Compromise (1820): 1) The Tallmadge amendment 2) Maine was admitted as a free state, Missouri slave, States north of southern boundary of Missouri (36 30') would be free.

 
     
  4. Judicial Nationalism

John Marshall (Federalist philosophy): Supreme Court limits rights of states

  • Marbury v. Madison (1803): established the principle of judicial review
  • Fletcher v. Peck (1810) Yazoo River affair: Constitution forbids state laws "impairing" contract.
  • Trustees of Dartmouth College v. Woodward (1819) Constitution protects contracts against state encroachment.
  • McCulloch v. Maryland (1819) "loose construction"
  • Cohens v. Virginia (1821) right of the Supreme Court to review decisions of a state's supreme court
  • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) Congress controls interstate commerce (Art 1, Sec. 8)
     
  5. Nationalism in foreign policy
  • Monroe Doctrine (1823) non-colonization and non-intervention
 
     
  6. Rise of Jacksonian Democracy

Democracy: universal white manhood suffrage

Causes: egalitarian ideas, panic of 1819 and the Missouri Compromise of 1820		  
     
  7. Presidential Election of 1824

Adams Administration

"Tariff of Abominations" (1828); "The South Carolina Exposition" John C. Calhoun		  
     
  8. Election of 1828 -"Revolution of 1828" Andrew Jackson

Party split: the National Republicans (Adams); Democratic-Republicans (Jackson)

Daniel Webster-Robert Y. Hayne Debates

"Nullies" (South Carolina) and the abominable Tariff of 1828

Bank of the United States:

Jackson views the bank as anti-western and anti-American. "The Bank...is trying to kill me, but I will kill it."

 
     
  9. "Old Hickory" v. Clay in 1832

New in Politics

  • Appearance of a third party (Anti-Masonic party)
  • National nominating conventions
  • Formal platforms

Economics

  • Bank: removed federal deposits and placed them in state "pet banks."
  • "Specie Circular": purchase of public land with hard money
  • Panic of 1836

Native Americans: removal of Cherokee, Creek, Choctaw and Chickasaws beyond the Mississippi; "Trail of Tears"; Bureau of Indian Affairs was established in 1836; Black Hawk War; Seminole Indians waged a seven year war (1832-1842). (See: US Serial Sets)

 
  Achievements: demonstrated strong executive leadership; united the Democratic party; yet, upheld the spoils systems and unwise financial practices  
     
  10. Birth of the Whigs and the Election of 1836

The two Party System

Democrats -- states rights and little government involvement in social and economic matters

Whigs -- national bank; protective tariffs; internal improvements		  
     
 

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